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José de Salamanca y Mayol, 1st Marquis of Salamanca and Grandee of Spain (23 May 1811, Málaga – 21 January 1883, Madrid) was a Spanish nobleman, politician and businessman. He served as Finance Minister of Spain and briefly as ''de facto'' prime minister in 1847.〔(José María Salamanca Mayol (1811–1883) (Marqués de Salamanca) ), Base documental d'Història Contemporània de Catalunya. Retrieved 2010-03-03.〕 Prominent during the reign of Isabella II, he was responsible for an extension to the city of Madrid; the Salamanca neighborhood of that city now bears his name.〔Luis Enrique Otero Carvajal, (La Alta Burguesia de los Negocios y sus Palacios en el Madrid en el XIX ), Departamento de Historia Contemporánea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Retrieved 2010-03-06.〕 He had an adventurous life with many ups and downs.〔 At one time he probably had the largest fortune in Spain.〔 His prominent associates included Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies, queen mother and regent for the young Queen Isabella.〔 As a businessman, he undertook many projects that shaped modern Spain: railways, construction of entire neighborhoods, banking and investments; at the same time, he was associated with no small amount of political and corporate corruption.〔(José de Salamanca y Mayol ), Biografías y Vidas, retrieved 2010-03-06.〕 ==Youth, student and mayor== Salamanca studied philosophy and law at the Colegio de San Bartolomé y Santiago in Granada, finishing his studies in 1828.〔 It was probably in Granada that he first met groups opposed to the absolutist regime of Ferdinand VII, including Mariana Pineda,〔 who became a martyr for the Spanish liberals when she was tried and condemned to death in 1831.〔Anna Kisselgoff, (DANCE REVIEW; Flamenco as a Narrative, and Simply as Itself ), ''The New York Times'', 2003-02-04. Retrieved 2010-03-06.〕〔(Sara Baras ''Sabores'' ), flamencofestival.org. Retrieved 2010-03-06.〕〔(Mariana Pineda - Federico Garcia Lorca ), Arcola Theatre London, 2006. Retrieved 2010-03-06.〕 Shortly after his return to his native Málaga, the liberal general José María Torrijos was detained for an attempted coup. Salamanca was probably involved in the coup;〔 he went to Madrid in an unsuccessful attempt to seek a royal pardon for Torrijos.〔(1831: Expedición a Málaga ), Asociación Histórico-Cultural Torrijos 1831 de Alhaurín de la Torre, Málaga. Retrieved 2010-03-06.〕 His revolutionary ardor was calmed for a time and, thanks to his father's friendship with Cea Bermúdez, the President of the Council of Ministers (effectively, prime minister), he was made mayor of Monóvar, (province of Alicante) in 1833.〔 That year Ferdinand VII died, bringing to power his wife, Maria Christina, as regent for the three-year-old queen Isabella II. The revolutionary movements of the regency era first propelled the future marquess onto the national scene. In 1835 he was named mayor of Vera (province of Almería); while there he married Petronila Livermore y Salas.〔 After serving as mayor of Vera, he was chosen to represent the province of Almería in the Revolutionary Government at Seville. In 1837 the Mutiny of La Granja de San Ildefonso forced Maria Christina to restore the liberal Constitution of 1812, which was elaborated into the new Progressive Constitution of 1837. Salamanca was elected deputy for Málaga in the new Cortes, which brought him to the capital, Madrid to serve in this office.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「José de Salamanca, 1st Count of los Llanos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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